Planting, sowing and harvesting rocket: good neighbors and mixed cultivation

Growing rocket: what you need to know

Rocket (Eruca sativa) belongs to the cruciferous family (Brassicaceae) and is also known as salad rocket or garden mustard. In contrast to the related wild rocket, salad rocket is an annual and must always be reseeded. Originally from the Mediterranean region, the herb was already popular with the Romans as a salad and condiment plant. Rocket owes its characteristic, slightly pungent taste to the mustard oil glycosides it contains. They make the leaves spicy, strengthen our immune system and have an antibacterial effect. Rocket also contains plenty of folic acid, vitamin C and minerals such as potassium, iron and calcium. Rocket therefore not only adds flavor, but also important nutrients to your salad mix.

Rocket and arugula: what's the difference?

Salad rocket (Eruca sativa) is often confused with wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia). Both originate from the Mediterranean region and are sold commercially as rocket. However, these are two different species:

The conventional salad rocket is an annual and has a much milder taste than its wild relative. Wild rocket also belongs to the cruciferous family, but grows as a perennial and is often sold under the name perennial rocket. It is therefore often found in perennial herbaceous borders. The wild form has smaller, more serrated leaves. It also produces yellow instead of white flowers. It is now widespread almost worldwide and often colonizes roadsides as a pioneer plant. There is little difference between the two species in terms of care and habitat requirements, which is why the general term 'rocket' is often used below!

Rocket varieties: wild rocket and salad rocket

Wild rocket

The vigorous wild rocket now also has a few cultivars to offer. 'Dragons Tongue' is a robust variety from England with slightly reddish veins. 'Venicia' is a fast-growing variety with a late flowering time. It can be harvested for a particularly long time and produces good yields. The variety 'Napoli' grows quickly and forms particularly broad leaves; it is probably a hybrid of lettuce and wild rocket.

Salad rocket

The varieties of salad rocket hardly differ. One well-known example is 'Ruca', a fast-growing variety with a nutty taste. It is available in a pointed-leaved and broad-leaved variety, depending on preference. The 'Bologna' variety is a cross between lettuce and wild rocket. It is fast-growing and impresses with its balanced, nutty and pungent aroma. 'Coltivata' is a broad-leaved and robust variety that is very popular in Italy due to its good flavor.

Rocket: location and soil

Rocket is relatively undemanding as a low-growing plant and grows in sunny or semi-shady spots in the bed or on the balcony. It prefers humus-rich soil, which can be sandy or loamy. Rocket has no particular nutritional requirements and is therefore more similar to the related radish than to the cabbage family. However, as rocket forms relatively shallow roots, sufficient moisture is essential. Incorporating compost before sowing increases the water retention of the soil and at the same time ensures sufficient nutrients throughout growth. Due to its deep taproot, wild rock et is less sensitive to drought.

Sowing and planting rocket: timing and spacing

Outdoors, rocket can be sown from April to September in rows 15 - 20 cm apart. The same applies to wild rocket, but it should be sown in August at the latest. When planting seedlings, keep a distance of 10 cm between the perennials. Loosen the soil thoroughly before sowing and work some mature compost into the surface of the soil. Then make furrows about one centimeter deep and distribute the seeds within the row. Close the rows, tap the soil lightly and water the seeds evenly. Early sowing in April should be covered with a fleece, as rocket only germinates reliably from a soil temperature of 10 °C (salad rocket) or 14 °C (wild rocket). At an optimum temperature of 20 °C, the seedlings grow quickly so that they can be harvested after just six weeks. If you have a greenhouse or cold frame available, you can start sowing as early as March. Alternatively, you can also sow the first seeds in pots on the windowsill. As salad rocket forms relatively shallow roots, it is ideal for growing in balcony boxes. Despite its taproot, wild rocket can also be cultivated very well in pots.

Arugula in mixed cultivation: good neighbors and crop rotation

Only sow and plant rocket where no other cruciferous plants have grown before. A cultivation break of three to four years is generally recommended for cruciferous plants. Due to its short cultivation period and small space requirement, annual rocket is ideal for filling gaps. Good neighbors include strawberries, carrots, lettuce, celery, onions and marigolds.

Rocket: good neighbors, bad neighbors

Rocket in a raised bed: planting cucumber, tomatoes and rocket together

Two tomatoes and a climbing Mexican mini cucumber grow in this raised bed. Basil grows next to the cucumbers. Basil is supposed to help keep mildew away from your bed, which often attacks tomatoes, cucumbers or rocket. The annual salad rocket has also been sown here. A few herbs such as coriander, oregano and savory are also thriving. There are also spring onions in the bed, which also keep numerous pests and diseases at bay.

Mixed crop planting plans with rocket: examples for the garden and raised bed

Here you will find templates for planting plans with rocket for your garden or balcony. In addition to a salad bed with rocket, you will also find a perennial bed with strawberries, wild rocket and winter hedge onions. You can also find the bed from above with tomatoes and cucumbers with pre- and post-cultivation.

Caring for rocket: watering, fertilizing & pruning

Rocket is one of the easiest plants to grow in the garden. Above all, make sure that the soil is evenly moist, as the leaves can quickly become too sharp if the soil remains dry. Regular hoeing or mulching will keep your bed free of unwanted weeds. Rows that are sown too densely should be thinned out to two to three centimetres between the seedlings. As salad rocket is a weak grower, you don't need to worry about additional fertilization. A dose of compost when preparing the bed is completely sufficient. For the perennial wild rocket, a compost application in spring is sufficient. Wild rocket is very floriferous and hardly sprouts any new leaves in this state. However, by cutting back the inflorescences, the plant can soon develop leaves again. This process can hardly be stopped with annual rocket, however, as it completes its development cycle for this year by flowering.

Rocket & arugula: diseases and pests

Rocket is relatively robust against pests and is not usually a major challenge. In dry years, earth fleas can make a mess of the plants. They nibble on the leaves and leave small, round holes. Make sure that the soil does not dry out and water the plants abundantly from time to time. Also avoid other cruciferous plants such as kohlrabi, cabbage, radishes or radishes as direct neighbors. When grown in a raised bed, your rocket should be relatively safe from pests. In the greenhouse, downy mildew can sometimes occur. Therefore, make sure to ventilate regularly, especially in summer.

Harvesting and processing rocket

The annual rocket plants grow quickly and can be harvested just four to six weeks after sowing. Start harvesting when the leaves are about ten centimetres long. The young leaves are primarily harvested for lettuce. Over time, the leaves store more and more mustard oil glycosides, they become much sharper and should only be used sparingly. Cut your salad rocket about three centimetres above the ground so that the plant sprouts again up to three times. As soon as rocket starts to flower, the leaves become very pungent and are no longer suitable as a salad ingredient. However, you can dry them, chop them up and use them for your Mediterranean spice collection. The aroma harmonizes well with pizza, pasta or meat dishes.

Of course, rocket tastes best fresh, but the leaves will keep for two to three days in the fridge if wrapped in a damp cloth. Fresh rocket should not be heated for too long, as this causes the aromatic essential oils to evaporate. Therefore, only garnish pizza, pasta and flatbreads with the aromatic greens after baking. If you harvest more than you can use, you can make a delicious rocket pesto. Simply puree the leaves with plenty of olive oil, salt, garlic, pine or sunflower seeds and Parmesan/pecorino - depending on your taste. Rocket can also be frozen, but the consistency will suffer. So only freeze the leaves if you want to puree them later for soups, smoothies or spreads.

Overwintering & propagating rocket: here's how it works

Salad rocket can be easily propagated by seed. The plant quickly grows into bushy rosettes, forms flowers and eventually seeds. Rocket can self-seed very easily. This means that it will reseed itself in the bed. If you don't mind, you can save yourself the trouble of collecting seeds and let the plant do the sowing for you.

However, it is also very easy to collect your own seeds: Cut off the fully ripened, brown seed heads and dry them again. You can then thresh them out and store the seeds in a dark, cool and dry place until sowing in the next season. The perennial wild rocket can remain in the bed over winter, it is hardy. The old inflorescences are cut off in early spring. In favorable temperatures, the perennials sprout early in the year so that they can be harvested before the first seedlings are ready for harvest. They also seed easily in the bed and the seedlings can be transplanted at an early stage. Seed collection works in the same way as with salad rocket.

I hope you've now got the urge to grow your own rocket. If you have any questions or comments, please write to us at magazin@fryd.app. Would you like to receive helpful gardening tips all year round and plan your own beds in the best possible way? Then register here or download the Fryd app for Android or iOS.

Fryd - Your digital bed planner

Cover image from movie viewer on Pixabay